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reimers
6-16-2008 10:22 AM
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<div style="margin: 12px 0px; font-family: arial; color: #333333; background: #ffffff; border: solid 4px #e5e5e5; width: 100%; clear: left;"><div class="CM_CTB_Content_Wrap" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #dcdcdc; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: #eeeeee ;background-image: url(http://www.clipmarks.com/images/source-bg.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x; height: 24px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 4px; color: #666666; font-size: 10px;" ><a href="http://clipmarks.com/clip-to-blog/" title="see clips that are hot right now"><img src="http://content.clipmarks.com/blog_embed/631bb52d-cb7d-4feb-a018-d8b48a87264c/925AB9B3-DFBC-4984-BD38-4AA9504D1249/" alt="" width="19" height="19" border="0" style="vertical-align: middle; margin: 0px 4px; display: inline; border: none; float:none;" /></a>clipped from <a title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo&oldid=218388331" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo&oldid=218388331" style="font-size: 11px;">en.wikipedia.org</a></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo&oldid=218388331"><P>"<B>Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.</B>" is a <A title="Grammar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" linkindex="22">grammatically correct</A> <A title="Sentence (linguistics)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_%28linguistics%29" linkindex="23">sentence</A> used as an example of how <A title="Homonym" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homonym" linkindex="24" set="yes">homonyms</A> and <A title="Homophone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone" linkindex="25">homophones</A> can be used to create complicated constructs. It has been discussed in literature since <A title="1972" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972" linkindex="26">1972</A> when the sentence was used by <A title="William J. Rapaport" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Rapaport" linkindex="27">William J. Rapaport</A>, currently an associate professor at the <A title="University at Buffalo, The State University of New York" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_at_Buffalo%2C_The_State_University_of_New_York" linkindex="28">University at Buffalo</A>.<SUP class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><A title="" href="#cite_note-0" linkindex="29">[1]</A></SUP> It was posted to <A title="Linguist List" class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguist_List" linkindex="30">Linguist List</A> by Rapaport in <A title="1992" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992" linkindex="31">1992</A>.<SUP class="reference" id="cite_ref-Linguistlist_1-0"><A title="" href="#cite_note-Linguistlist-1" linkindex="32">[2]</A></SUP> It was also featured in <A title="Steven Pinker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker" linkindex="33">Steven Pinker</A>'s <A title="1994" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994" linkindex="34">1994</A> book <I><A title="The Language Instinct" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Language_Instinct" linkindex="35">The Language Instinct</A></I>. Sentences of this type, although not in such a refined form, have been known for a long time. A classic example is the <A title="Proverb" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb" linkindex="36">proverb</A> "Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you".</P></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo&oldid=218388331"><div align="center"><img src="http://content7.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/en.wikipedia.org/img/ED771142-1B5E-4618-9358-A95EAAEACC24" alt="Simplified parse tree  PN = proper noun N = noun V = verb NP = noun phrase RC = relative clause VP = verb phrase S = sentence" /></div></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo&oldid=218388331"><DIV class="thumbcaption">
<DIV class="magnify"><A title="Enlarge" class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Buffalo_sentence_1_parse_tree.svg" linkindex="5"><IMG width="15" height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" /></A></DIV>
Simplified parse tree
PN = <A title="Noun" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun#Proper_nouns_and_common_nouns" linkindex="6">proper noun</A>
N = <A title="Noun" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun" linkindex="7">noun</A>
V = <A title="Verb" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb" linkindex="8">verb</A>
NP = <A title="Noun phrase" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase" linkindex="9">noun phrase</A>
RC = <A title="Relative clause" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_clause" linkindex="10">relative clause</A>
VP = <A title="Verb phrase" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase" linkindex="11">verb phrase</A>
S = <A title="Sentence (linguistics)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_%28linguistics%29" linkindex="12">sentence</A></DIV></blockquote><div style="height: 2px; font-size: 2px; background: #dcdcdc; border-bottom: solid 1px #f5f5f5; margin: 2px 4px;"></div><blockquote style="text-align: left; padding: 0px 8px; margin: 4px 0px 8px 0px; background: transparent; border: none;" cite="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo&oldid=218388331"><div align="center"><img src="http://content8.clipmarks.com/blog_cache/en.wikipedia.org/img/B2787395-DEB6-41C1-9454-757B95D2AEA5" alt="Traditional sentence diagram." /></div></blockquote></div><div style="margin: 0px 6px 6px 4px;"><table style="font-size: 11px;border-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr><td style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;">&nbsp;</td><td align="right" style="background:transparent;border-width:0px;padding:0px;width:107px" width="107"><a href="http://clipmarks.com/share/925AB9B3-DFBC-4984-BD38-4AA9504D1249/blog/" title="blog or email this clip"><img src="http://content9.clipmarks.com/images/c2b-foot.png" border="0" alt="blog it" width="107" height="17" style="border-width:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px;" /></a></td></tr></table></div></div>
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