On November 25, 1867, Alfred Nobel patented the formula for dynamite, as a means of stabilizing nitroglycerin. He later created gelignite, and several other explosives.

Dynamite became widely used in the military, as well as in construction. It was eventually eclipsed by other forms of explosives.

Nobel became rich from his inventions, but earned criticism for discovering and profiting from the means of more effective death.

In his will he created a fund for awarding annual prizes to those who made significant contributions in science, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace.