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POPSBuffering mitochondrial DNA variation Mismatches between NADH production and the use of ATP can stress the electron transport chain (complexes I–IV) and modulate the production of ROS. According to Moreno-Loshuertos et al., the mtDNA haplotype can also influence steady-state ROS generation in the cell. Although ROS are traditionally viewed as toxic agents contributing to cellular pathology, emerging evidence suggests that ROS are also critical in cellular homeostasis.
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