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POPSThe Evolution of Animal Body Plans: GRNs There has been little grand scale change in the body morphology (1 head, (4,6,8) appendages, 2 eyes, etc. ) of animals since the Early Cambrian (over 500 million years ago). Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) guide body morphology. The authors identify areas in GRNs that are very resistant to change and thus explain this consistent morphology.